Most land animals with exoskeletons are smaller than the volume of a mouse, and most vertebrates are larger than a mouse (marine invertebrates can be somewhat bigger). What keeps an insect with an exoskeleton from being as big as a horse?
Summarize the attached article using the format and answering the following questions in the summary.
1. State the research question and explain why it is interesting.
2. State the hypotheses tested.
3. Briefly describe the methods (design, participants, materials, procedure, what was manipulated [independent variables], what was measured [dependent variables], how data were analyzed.
4. Describe the results. Were they significant?
5. Explain the key implications of the results. Avoid overstating the importance of the findings.
6.The results, and the interpretation of the results, should relate directly to the hypothesis.
1,500 word minimum. Must be at least 6 pages. Double spaced Times New Roman 12 Font
Bio Post: 4/16/19 300 word min MLA only use links provided
Gene technology for research, food, therapeutic cloning, and bioengineering. How far should we go? Watch the TED talk on bioengineering by Anthony Atala: Growing new organs (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site. and discuss the ethical guidelines you would think are needed (narrow or wide, innovation enabling) based on our ability to genetically modify organisms (GMO), cloning animals or growing synthetic tissues in the laboratory.
Bio Peer Response: 4/19/19 100 word min
Its hard to find an unbiased approach to this kind of discussions, I think there are less ethical guidelines when it comes to growing the organs in a lab, since the donations of organs and cell extractions are done in a legal and ethical way. However, xenotransplantation ( growing organs in other organism to later transplant it) might sound ethically compromising, since we are farming the organs from other organism such as pigs. Where as an article from the NewYork Times magazine states :
“Topics include the use of pig heart valves to replace leaky and hardened human heart, the incompatibility of the immune system during transplantation and the birth of the first pig without endogenous viruses through editing of the genetically normal cells of a living pig.”
I personally think that, farms that breed pigs for consumption don’t really follow ethical guidelines in order to maximize their profits, and sadly I don’t see that xenotransplantation will be any different.
Bio Questions: 4/17/19
1. Distinguish between a familial and a sporadic cancer
2. It is often the case that a predisposition to certain forms of cancer is inherited. An example is familial retinoblastoma. What does it mean to have inherited an increased probability of acquiring a certain form of cancer? What subsequent event(s) must occur?
3. What are the roles of cellular proto-oncogenes, and how are these roles consistent with their implication in oncogenesis?
4. In DNA repair, how does the normal allele of BRCA1 work? Is it an oncogene or a tumor suppressor gene?
Bio Questions: 4/18/19
1. Cloning is a general term used for whole organisms and DNA sequences. Define what we mean when we say we have a clone.
2. The following DNA sequence contains a six-base sequence that is a recognition and cutting site for a restriction enzyme. What is the recognition sequence? Which enzyme will cut this sequence and where in the sequence?
5’ CCGAGAAGCTTAC 3’
3’ GGCTCTTCGAATG 5’
3. In cloning human DNA, why is it necessary to insert the DNA into a vector such as a bacterial plasmid?
4. Briefly describe the steps necessary to clone a human gene (i.e. make it recombinant DNA) with multiple introns, so it can be expressed in a bacterial cell.
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Question 1
What are the two types of forms used for health services billing?
Question 2
Describe how Medicaid payments to providers are limited by the federal government.
Question 3
What is charge explosion?
Question 4
How does the False Claims Act (FCA) impact providers of health care services?
Question 5
What are the elements that should be present, at a minimum, in all charge masters?
Question 6
Prosecution under the FCA requires that specific intent to defraud the government was present.
Question 7
What is the objective in a managed-care environment that often leads to conflict between hospitals and doctors?
Question 8
Increased emphasis on which of the following by both Medicare and Medicaid have also provided a strong incentive for hospitals and nursing homes to either merge or establish affiliation arrangements?
Question 9
What factors contribute to the complexity of the revenue cycle in health care?
Question 10
What type of physician alignment is most appealing to physicians because their control is maximized in this type of organizational setting?
Question 11
Most of the major coverage provisions of the Affordable Care Act went into effect in what year and gave millions of people coverage under the law?
Question 12
Governmental healthcare organizations are able to raise funds through equity investments.
Question 13
What piece of legislation prohibits a person from receiving income from a pattern of activity, including committing an enumerated act (such as mail or wire fraud), at least twice in 10 years?
Question 14
The financial manager’s main responsibility is to acquire and use funds so as to maximize the firm s value. Their main functions may include: forecasting and planning, making major investment financing decisions, coordinating and controlling, dealing with the financial markets, and managing public opinion.
Question 15
For what reason is physician expenditures increasing?
Question 16
__________ is often referred to as the antidumping law because it prohibits hospitals from transferring an emergency patient to another hospital simply because of the patient’s inability to pay.
Question 17
The earnings of an investor-owned corporation can be subject to double taxation
Question 18
Providing medically unnecessary care to a patient and then billing Medicare for it is an example Medicare fraud.
Question 19
What are primary uses of financial information
Question 20
Should hospitals and physicians undercode Medicare patient stays and patient visits in order to reduce the possibility of being charged under the False Claims Act?
Question 21
In order for integration with other physicians to be successful, what person is needed to arrange the financing of capital needs and to provide administrative leadership?
Question 22
FCA charges against providers can be brought by individuals under a qui tam action.
Question 23
One of the advantages of a nonprofit organization compared with an investor-owned company is that the investor-owned company is subject to federal income taxes.
Write a short summary for each pathogen ( Salmonella and Shigella, L. monocytogenes, Campylobacter, Vibrio parahemolyticus and V. vulnificus, Clostridium perfringens (and C. botulinum), Norovirus and Hepatitis A virus, Cryptosporidium and Giardia lamblia, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli (O157:H7), Bacillus cereus) including the following:
Describe for each presentation pathogen (1) a typical outbreak (2) symptoms
(3) briefly, the biology of the pathogen and its
epidemiology
(4) some foods implicated in outbreaks
(5) some control measures that can minimize
illnesses due to this pathogen.
Describe a typical outbreak = this can be brief
Describe symptoms = include time frame (hours, days, weeks, etc).
Biology = gram reaction, morphology, aerobe/anaerobe, etc. Are there any special biological properties that make this organism more infectious? Does it have a toxin? What are the properties of the toxin? (heat stable/labile?)
Epidemiology = how many illness in the USA per year? How many deaths per year? Are there locations in USA that have higher incidences?
Implicated foods = what foods are most likely to be related to outbreaks of this pathogen?
Control measures = this section is very important. What can be done to eliminate this pathogen? What can be done to minimize this pathogen? Hand washing, cooking, fast cooling, etc
In this week’s discussion you will be exploring energy and how it’s captured, released, and used by all living creatures. For your primary post, respond to one of the following three topics and address all of the questions. Also, please reply to at least one fellow student on any topic.
Topic 1 : The phytoplankton that brought Earth to life. Review the video (1)* about the “phytoplankton that brought Earth to life” from the link given below. In this clip, Penny Chisholm discusses a tiny phytoplankton called Prochlorococcus. Based on that video, address the following:
Research Essay: Again, this assignment asks you to reevaluate and research elements of our relationship with media and technology that might benefit from research and public attention. Your project should:
Getting Started: Your focus will be persuasive by making a claim about and evaluating the social/cultural problem you have chosen. Your focus should offer a subject plus a point of significance about the subject. Remember, neither a statement of fact (homelessness + is a big problem in America) nor a statement of taste (technology + is great) constitute a persuasive focus.
Rhetorical Considerations: The audience that you tailor your essay to will be left up for you to decide. We will discuss in the coming days how your sense of audience will greatly contribute to the overall style and voice you choose to incorporate into your essay. It may help to envision your audience as a friendly, but dissenting voice—someone who is curious about your topic but who may not wholly agree with your point of view. To write a convincing essay for such an audience, you will need to explore your chosen issue in some depth. You should develop your essay carefully by choosing supporting information through research and by offering specific examples and details.
Putting It Together (Rubric):
Your essay should be thesis-driven, integrate at least six (6) sources, and provide appropriate evidence to support your position. A successful essay will meet the following criteria:
Post by Day 4 a proposal (at least two paragraphs long) for a strategy to address the antibiotic or pesticide resistance you selected. Your proposal should include the following:
For this discussion board, you will watch Alex Laskey’s speech entitled “How behavioral science can lower your energy bill.” https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4cJ08wOqloc
1.First describe the types of evidence he employs to try to persuade his audience?
2.Second, how does he establish his credibility during the speech?
3.Third, what types of appeals does he include in his speeches? (Ethos, pathos, logos).
4. Fourth, did you find his speech effective, and if so, why?
*Posts should be at least 500 words.
Question 1 (10pts)
a) What is probability of observing 61325 when rolling fair dice?
Probabilities for fair dice: P(1)=P(2)=P(3)=P(4)=P(5)=P(6)=1/6
b) What is probability of observing 61325 when rolling loaded dice?
Probabilities for fair dice: P(1)=P(2)=P(3)=P(4)=P(5)= 0.1 and P(6)=0.5
Question 2 (50pts). On a hypothetical island virus outbreak becomes a threat of future pandemic. Researchers have narrowed down the cause of outbreak to two viruses (virus 1 and virus 2). The DNA sequencing lab receives a sample for further analysis. Unfortunately, the sample was contaminated and the removal of foreign DNA leaves the lab with a short DNA fragment: AGTAGCTTCCAG. Given all available information (provided below) how can lab determine the type of the virus that caused the outbreak.
Nucleotide probabilities of virus1
P(A)=P(T) =0.3
P(G)=P(C) = 0.2
Nucleotide probabilities of virus 2
P(A)=P(T)=P(G)=P(C)= .25
Assume:
– Virus 1 and Virus 2 are equally likely to occur in nature.
– nucleotides are independent and identically distributed.
Question 3 (40 pts)
Align two sequences shown below using Needelman Wunsch algorithm.
Use match score of 4, mismatch score of -4 and gap penalty score of -2.
Show:
a) dynamic programming matrix with scores (as it shown in Figure 6.1, Ewens or in Figure 2.5, Durbin which is available under Course Content.)
b) trace back pointers
c) alignment score
sequences:
sequence 1:
AGAGCTCACAA
sequence 2:
AGTAGCTTCCAAA
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