Archive for month: October, 2020

i am trying to respond to this 16. Describe maximum parsimony.

As per usual I will start with breaking down the word, so we have some information about what we are looking at. Using the dictionary definition of Parsimony (n. extreme unwillingness to spend money or use resources) it can be a little confusing at first to see how this can be used in a science field such as biology. Then we apply the first part of the statement “maximum” and we can see that is an extreme resource/money saver. As we analyze it we can see that the goal of Maximum Parsimony, by definition, is use the absolute lowest amount of resources to figure out a problem. In the context of biology, we use Maximum Parsimony in classifying organisms in the most efficient, least number of steps possible by using the Phylogenetic Tree.

The Phylogenetic tree breaks down organisms by the different levels of classification (Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and eventually speicies) by using physical charecteristics of organisms. There is a fantastic verision of this tree called the “Discovery Tree” at http://pick18.pick.uga.edu/mp/20m?tree=Life I would recommend checking out if you get the chance.

But why would scientist want to use a more efficient/simplified way, instead or being more accurate?

There is an idea in science/mathematics/economics/literature and many other fields known as Occam’s Razor, coined by Fransican friar William of Ockham, which states “when you have two competing theories that make exactly the same prediction, the simpler one is the better.” (Hiroshi, 1996). We use this thinking when we are observing how organisms are related in a process known as Phylogeny. Phylogeny is a process where you take two current similar organisms and trace their genetics back until you find a common ancestor (Becker, n.d.). It is then important to apply Parsimony in this process because looking back into genetic records can be quite demanding. So, we use physical characteristics and other means in order to infer if species are more likely to be related, so we are not blindly guessing and tracing back genetics (Becker, n.d.). Not only is this more efficient, it will also have a higher success rate.

References

Becker, A. (n.d.). What Is the Principle of Parsimony in Biology? Retrieved from Seattle Pi: http://education.seattlepi.com/principle-parsimony-biology-3856.html

Hiroshi, S. (1996). What is Occam’s Razor. Retrieved from UCR Mathematics: http://math.ucr.edu/home/baez/physics/General/occam.html

6 Prepare a Cash Budget from April to June for ABC Co. Ltd.

      With the help of following information :

Month                                Sales (Rs.)                                      Purchases (Rs.)                            Wages (Rs.)

February                            180000                                              124000                                              12000

March                                  192000                                             144000                                              14000

April                                    108000                                               243000                                             11000

May                                     174000                                              246000                                              10000

June                                    126000                                             26800                                                15000

b. 50% of the credit sales are realized in the following month sales and remaining 50% sales for in 

   The second following month.

c. Creditors are paid in the following month of Purchase.

d. Cash at Bank as on 1st April Rs. 25000.

Not more than 5 H-bond donors (OH or NH) Not more than 10 H-bond acceptors (O or N) MW less than 500 g/mol What is the rational for the Rule of Five?

The manager of a large apartment complex knows from experience that 110 units will be occupied if the rent is 396 dollars per month. A market survey suggests that, on the average, one additional unit will remain vacant for each 6 dollar increase in rent. Similarly, one additional unit will be occupied for each 6 dollar decrease in rent. What rent should the manager charge to maximize revenue?